Storage tank design services petroleum storage tanks

 

What is cone roof storage tanks design ?

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The design of cone roof storage tanks is characterized by several key features that ensure structural integrity, functionality, and safety. Here are the main aspects of their design:

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Tank Shell: The tank shell forms the cylindrical body of the storage tank and is typically constructed from welded steel plates. The thickness and grade of the steel plates depend on factors such as the size of the tank, the type of stored liquid, and environmental conditions. The shell is designed to withstand internal pressure from the stored liquid and external forces like wind and seismic loads.

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Cone Roof: The cone roof is the distinctive feature of these tanks. It can either be an integral part of the tank shell or a separate structure mounted on top. The roof is typically made from welded steel plates and is sloped to facilitate drainage of rainwater and snow. The slope directs water towards a central drain or scupper, preventing accumulation that could lead to corrosion or weight issues.

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Roof Supports: Cone roof tanks are supported by internal columns and rafters that connect the roof structure to the tank shell. These supports provide stability and distribute the load of the roof evenly to the tank walls. The number and design of supports depend on the tank size and the roof configuration

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Accessories and Fittings: Cone roof tanks are equipped with various fittings and accessories depending on their specific application. These may include inlet and outlet nozzles for product transfer, overflow pipes, level gauges, temperature sensors, pressure relief devices, and venting systems to control vapor emissions.

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Coatings and Linings: To protect against corrosion and maintain the quality of the stored liquid, the interior surfaces of cone roof tanks are often coated or lined with materials compatible with the stored product. Common lining materials include epoxy, polyurethane, or special coatings designed for specific chemicals or corrosive substances.

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Design Standards: Cone roof storage tanks are designed and constructed following industry standards and codes to ensure safety, durability, and compliance with environmental regulations. Standards such as API (American Petroleum Institute) 650 provide guidelines for the design, fabrication, erection, and inspection of welded steel tanks, including cone roof tanks.

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Ventilation and Emissions Control: Proper ventilation and emissions control systems are essential for cone roof tanks, especially when storing volatile liquids. Vent pipes and pressure relief valves are designed to safely manage vapor pressures and prevent over-pressurization of the tank.

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Overall, the design of cone roof storage tanks aims to provide a robust and reliable structure for the safe storage of liquids while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. The specific design details may vary depending on factors such as tank size, location, stored product characteristics, and operational considerations.

What is advantages of cone roof tanks over floating roof tanks ?

Cone roof storage tanks offer several advantages over floating roof tanks, depending on the specific requirements of the stored liquid and the operational conditions. Here are some key advantages of cone roof storage tanks compared to floating roof tanks:

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Lower Initial Cost: Cone roof tanks generally have a lower initial construction cost compared to floating roof tanks. This is because they do not require a complex floating roof mechanism, which includes pontoons, seals, and mechanisms for floating roof movement.

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Simplicity of Design: The design of cone roof tanks is simpler compared to floating roof tanks. They consist of a cylindrical shell and a conical roof, which are relatively easier to fabricate, erect, and maintain.

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No Maintenance of Floating Roof: Floating roof tanks require regular maintenance of the floating roof seals, pontoons, and other moving parts to ensure proper functioning and to prevent leakage. Cone roof tanks, on the other hand, have a stationary roof structure that generally requires less maintenance over their lifetime.

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Suitability for Heavy Products: Cone roof tanks are often preferred for storing heavy products that do not easily evaporate and do not require the vapor control advantages offered by floating roof tanks. Heavy crude oils, for example, can be stored effectively in cone roof tanks without the need for a floating roof to minimize vapor space.

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No Risk of Roof Sinking: In floating roof tanks, there is a potential risk of the roof sinking or tilting due to factors such as uneven distribution of stored product or external environmental conditions. Cone roof tanks do not face this risk since their roof structure is fixed and supported directly by columns and rafters.

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Less Sensitive to Product Level: Floating roof tanks require careful consideration of the product level to ensure the floating roof remains properly floated and to avoid mechanical issues. Cone roof tanks do not have this sensitivity, as the roof structure remains stationary regardless of the product level.

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Easier to Inspect: Inspecting the interior of cone roof tanks is generally easier compared to floating roof tanks. There are no internal floating roof components obstructing the view or requiring access for inspection and maintenance.

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While cone roof tanks offer these advantages, it's important to note that the choice between cone roof and floating roof tanks depends on factors such as the volatility of the stored product, environmental regulations, operational requirements, and overall lifecycle costs. Each tank type has its own set of applications and considerations based on the specific needs of the storage facility and the characteristics of the stored liquids.

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